Monday, July 10, 2017

Bodybuilding Diet: Off-Season and Pre-Contest


The most important things you need to know regarding food before you step on stage, especially if you want to start a career as a bodybuilder. If you are from South Africa, check out the bodybuilding competitions you can compete enter in SA. If you're new to competitions, see why size doesn't win competitions and how to win.

This article is about ow to create the best diet that you need to eat during your bodybuilding cycle. There are different meal structures for different times of the year. These different times include the pre-contest and off-season phases. Take a look at what you should be eating, depending on where you are in your competition cycle. The goal of this diet structure is to assist your exercise routine by fueling muscle to be as big and defined as possible when you step on stage. The two phases we will be focusing on is pre-contest and off-season. Since diets that contain little fat lead to lower testosterone levels, make sure that at least 10-15% of your calories come from fat sources at all times. 55-60% of calories should come from carbohydrates in both eating plans. These carbohydrates, even on pre-contest plans, will still be decreased since total calories consumed will be lower. 55-60% of calories from carbohydrates are lowered when the total amount of calories you eat in a day are lowered. Keeping carbohydrates at this level ensures maximum training performance and thorough muscular response. Consuming sufficient nutrition before and after exercise will allow for best results, regardless of phase.

Off-Season Bodybuilding Meal Plan

This is often referred to as the bulking phase. The 'off-season' phase of your eating plan pertains to the food you eat when you are not competing in any bodybuilding shows and are not planning to for a while. This stage is important because it is when you need to focus on packing on as much muscle onto your body as you can. Since muscle takes a lot of nutrients to build, you should be eating more calories than usual to give your body everything that it needs to build as much muscle as you can - as fast as possible. You can't determine the exact amount of calories that your muscles need, so aim for an excess (too many calories) instead of too little. If your body does not get all the calories that it needs from food, it can't grow as much muscle as it could if it did have them. Fewer calories often mean less muscle gain. It is okay to put on a little extra fat during this phase, since you will be losing that fat in the pre-contest diet phase. Your off-season phase should be a lot longer than your pre-contest phase, so that you can spend more time putting on muscle (and probably increasing fat) than preserving muscle (but decreasing fat). The calories you eat versus the energy you spend determine your energy balance. Having a positive energy balance (eating more calories than you use) creates an anabolic environment where muscle can grow. Muscles take a lot of calories to grow, apart the calories burned during exercise and other daily activities. Calories are not the only things you will be focused on consuming. You need a lot of protein for your body to turn into muscle.

  • Eat more calories than you burn (Aim for a 15% surplus).
  • Make sure that enough of these calories come from protein.
  • One gram of protein serves 4 calories, one gram of carbohydrates serves 4 calories and one gram of fat serves 9 calories. 
  • Use these metrics to divide up your macro nutrients from the calculator counter below.
  • Remember to time you meals right. Very importantly: have meals planned for before and after exercise. Nutrients absorbed during these times have very direct results for muscle growth.
  • Supplements like protein shakes count towards total calorie consumption.
  • As a rule of thumb: you can have too many calories, but not too little.

Pre-Contest Bodybuilding Meal Plan

While your goal was to build as much muscle as possible, even if that meant adding a little fat; the role of this phase is to drop as much fat as you can while maintaining the muscle that you have built up. This phase focuses on adding definition to the muscle that you already have so that you can look your best on stage. The pre-contest phase lasts for 6-12 weeks before you compete. You should start your pre-contest diet during this time to lose as much fat and preserve as much muscle as you can for your stage appearance. The main goal is to get fat levels extremely low while keeping the muscle you gained from your off-season efforts. Although you wanted a positive energy balance (calories consumed vs burned) during the off-season phase, you want a negative energy balance in the weeks leading up to competition. This increases the amount of fat burned and stops fat levels from increasing. You must eat enough protein to preserve muscle and prevent it from breaking down. Springer Link cites evidence that making protein 30% of calories consumed will decrease muscle loss, as opposed to making protein 15% of calories consumed, during calorie restriction. It also cites that a higher percentage protein vs other foods will add a thermionic element, increasing fat loss. 
  • Eat less calories than you burn (Aim for a 15% deficit).
  • Make at least 30% of these calories protein.
  • One gram of protein serves 4 calories, one gram of carbohydrates serves 4 calories and one gram of fat serves 9 calories. 
  • Make sure to drink lots of water when on this eating plan. You will need it!
  • This diet needs to be as strict as possible. Stick to it!
  • Here is a good example of a pre-contest eating plan.
Many people ask about how to decrease water in the body so that there is little cushioning between the muscle and skin. This gives that hard look, as if the muscles were completely naked and nothing stands in between them. This is a nice method is to completely drown your body in water and then cut it off. This washes away your electrolytes and therefore its ability to hold water. Don't worry about drinking too much water if it is only for a short period of time.

What Now?

Use Bodybuilding.com's calorie calculator to find out how many calories you need to be consuming per day. Divide these calories into macro nutrients (protein, carbohydrates and fats) using the following measurements: 4 calories per gram of protein and carbohydrates and 9 calories per gram of fat. Eat 15% more to gain muscle (bulk) and 15% less when preparing to compete (shred), 6-12 weeks before you walk on stage. Make 55-60% of these calories carbohydrates, 25-30% of them proteins and 15-20% of them fats. Remember that 100 grams of protein is not 100 grams of protein. On average, 100 grams of lean mince has only 21 grams of protein, 5 grams of fat and 136 calories. If you want an estimate on what calories different kinds of activities burns, click here.

Let me know about your experiences and what works best for you in the comments below. STAY STRONG!

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Thursday, July 6, 2017

Comprehensive List of Over 100 Exercise Benefits


There are so many lists of exercise benefits out there. Some focus on disease prevention while others focus on physical or mental aspects. I've composed a list containing so many benefits that you will never ever need another benefits list, ever again!


Anti-Aging Benefits

Exercise not only slows the aging process and fights off the illnesses that come with it, but it also makes you look a lot younger than you are and gives you the kind of energy and resilience that some youngsters don't even have. Don't believe me? Check out the studies that prove how exercise fights the aging process.

Exercise keeps you young by:

1. Preventing illness and diseases like cancer, obesity, and heart and organ failure. Refer to the link above.
2. Keeps you mentally capable (read link above to see how exercise increases the amount of neurons in your brain).
3. Increases physical ability and increases energy leaves.
4. Teaches and reinforces your body's ability to bounce back (physical resilience).


Benefits of Sweating and Increased Body Temperature

Sweating is extremely good for you. It detoxifies the body, is good for your skin and decreases water retention. Read more about how sweating makes you healthier.

Indirect benefits of exercise by way of sweating:

5. Detoxifies your body of toxins and other impurities. Up to 30% of bodily toxins can be released from sweat.
6. Increases kidney and liver function, since sweating reduces the load of toxins that your filtration systems have to deal with.
7. Exercise benefits your skin as it opens up pores; allowing nutrients to reach the skin and waste products to be eliminated. Sweating can add radiance to skin.
8. It decreases water retention. Sweating allows your body to get rid of excess water under the skin.
9. Increased body temperature creates an environment where many kinds of germs cannot survive, killing them off. This is why your body gets so hot during a fever: to kill off the germs in your body.
10. The increased body temperature also increases your body's white blood cells. These cells fight off infection and disease.
11. Increased body temperature opens up your blood vessels and tissues; and increases blood flow. This allows for easier flowing of nutrients, better communications throughout your body and elimination of all the bad stuff.
 This must be the reason why people love steam rooms.


Physical Benefits of Exercise

Oxford Academy has a very interesting article about the wonderful relationship between exercise and aging. This compilation of so many accredited studies lists so many physical benefits of exercise.

Physical Benefits of Exercise

12. Exercise increases aerobic capacity: the ability for your body to physically perform for longer periods of time without getting tired.
13. It also decreases heart rate and blood pressure when you exert yourself. You will do things with less effort and your body will not need as much time, energy or nutrients to recover.
14. Exercise increases tissue elasticity. You will have a greater range of motion, your muscles will be able to move and stretch more and your other tissues will stay almost as elastic as they were when you were younger.
15. Your muscular endurance, strength and power will improve. You will be physically stronger than what you would be if you did not exercise regularly.
16. Motor coordination improves. You will have a better mind-to-body connection and have better mental control over your body.
17. Neural reaction time will get shorter. You will be able to react quicker and won't have to think too much before making complicated movements.
18. Enzyme capacity and mitochondrial volume increases, meaning that your body will become better at making energy more efficiently.
19. Walk speed, cadence, stability and step length will increase. You will have an easier time getting around wherever you go and this benefit will continue long into old age.
20. Resting heart rate decreases. This means that when you are not being physically active, your body will be less stressed and will require less energy to function. Expending energy during exercise makes you need less energy to survive.
21. Maximal cardiac output increases, so that your heart is able to do more for your body and is stronger at getting blood where it needs to be.
22. Endothelial reactivity increases. The inner lining of blood vessels can expand and contract more easily.
23. Muscle blood flow increases. This makes your muscles healthier and more efficient, since they can receive nutrients and expel waste products better.
24. Capillary density increases. Your lungs will be able to take in more oxygen and release more carbon dioxide with every breath you take.
25. Vascular insulin sensitivity increases. You can turn sugar into glycogen (energy stored in muscle) better, so your blood won't have too much sugar and your body will have the energy it needs for longer periods of time.
26. Plasma volume increases. Plasma is the liquid that carries blood cells. With more blood plasma, your blood has more space to perform its functions.
27. Total energy expenditure increases. Fat is burned and the body learns to work more efficiently at almost all bodily functions.
28. Thermionic effects of meals increase. This means that your body will spend more energy in processing food to make sure that it is used and processed in the best way it can.
29. Total body water increases. Your body accumulates water in the right places so that you are better hydrated and can function better.
30. Potassium, nitrogen and calcium levels are raised in your body. This ensures even further stability and order in everyday bodily processes.
31. Protein synthesis rate and amino acid uptake into muscles increase. Nitrogen retention and protein turnover also rises. This ensures that your body becomes better at rebuilding and maintaining itself.
32. Gastrointestinal transit time increases. Your body takes more time to absorb precious nutrients from food instead of letting good nutrients go. Also, these nutrients are stored properly and not entirely converted into fat.
33. Glycogen storage capacity increases, allowing muscles to store more energy and take more sugar out of the blood stream.
34. Bad cholesterol levels decrease.
35. Good cholesterol levels are raised and protected.
36. Hormonal and sympathetic nervous system responses to stress stimuli are decreased. You will be able to handle stress better, with less negative consequences.


Emotional Benefits of Exercise

Science Direct has a study on regular exercise, anxiety, depression and personality.
It found that regular physical exertion was both the cause and result of improved extroversion and sensation seeking personalities. It also found that physical activity lowered feelings of neuroticism, anxiety and depression.
37. People who exercise regularly are more outgoing than people who don't.
38. They also have less difficulty with directing attention to things other than themselves without feeling alienated.
39. Introverts who exercise regularly are better able to cope with situations where they have to perform extroverted activities.
40. These people are more able to explore environments that they are not familiar with and can function as working parts of environments that they are not in total control of (this is also true for forms of exercise that does not incorporate teams sports elements).
41. Exercise boosts your confidence, both in the short and long term.
42. Exercise makes people feel happier immediately after the activity. The feeling of happiness carries over into the rest of daily life.
43. It also makes people feel a sense of accomplishment. This is a very important feeling according to Psychology Today.
44. Self-esteem increases with exercise.
45. People who partake in manual exertion handle situations that are difficult better than people who don't.
46. Surprisingly, people who train more often are less selfish than people who don't, on average.
47. Exercise increases feelings of self-worth and decreases the need to inflate self-importance onto others.
48. The fitter people are, the better they are (on average) at interacting with other people. This includes people that they don't know.
49. According to the above study, there was a strong correlation between people who exercised more and their appetite for activities that make them happy.
50. Exercise immediately lowered feelings of anxiety.
51. Long-term workouts decrease susceptibility to anxiety in the first place.
52. Exercise is rated as one the best ways to deal with depression.
53. It lowered the likelihood for people to by moody. It significantly lowers feelings of anger and aggression.
54. People who work out more often also worry less and are not as susceptible to fear, compared to people who do not exercise.
55. They also show higher levels of tolerance before experiencing feelings of frustration.
56. Physical activity lowered the negative effects and onset of guilt.
57. People who were more active reported less feelings of loneliness.
58. They also have a far lower vulnerability or tendency towards negative and addictive behaviors.
59. Exercise has been successfully used as a successful treatment of addictive recovery.
60. Eating disorders prevailed less within communities who were more active. These disorders were also more controllable in patients who started new exercise regimes.
61. The more a person exercises, the more likely that that person will engage in other healthy habits. This includes following the right diet, self-improvement and following balanced lifestyles. People are more able to successfully follow a healthy eating plan when it is coupled with a good exercise routine.
62. People who are physically fit report having more zest for life and are more positive towards life in general.
63. The more often people did activities that involved a level of physical exertion, the less they complained about a variety of issues.

Financial, Career, Academic and Learning Benefits

Exercise makes you more productive. Studies have found that exercise benefits both academic and career objectives.
64. Exercise increases learning ability and memory, allowing people to learn at faster rates.
65. Since physical activity provides blood flow to the brain and a healthy distraction during periods of learning, it is the perfect way to store information that is learned and log it into cognitive memory. This allows for more information which is learned to be stored and less information to be lost or forgotten.
66. People who work out more often get sick less and take less sick days off from work.
67. They also have more energy at work and are more productive.
68. They therefore get promoted more often and climb their respective career ladders faster than their counterparts who don't exercise.
69. These people also showed more positivity towards the line of work that they were involved in.


Mental Benefits of Physical Activity

A study at www.karger.com investigates the connection between mental health and exercise. If finds multiple mental benefits and suggests reasons why exertion improves brain function.
70. Exercise can be effectively used to assist treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders, which affect the brain and nervous system. Since it assists with treatment, it plays a role in prevention.
71. It helps to relieve symptoms of cognitive impairment.
72. It helps to delay the onset of neurodegenerative processes.
73. Physical movement reduces the harmful effects of stresses that could negatively affect the brain.
74. Exercise triggers neurotransmitter release, increasing the flowing of brain movement and activity.
75. Exercise can be neurotrophic, allowing for neurogenesis (growth of nervous tissue).
76.  It increases cerebral blood flow, or blood flow within the brain.
77. Exercise protects the brain from the effects of aging and degeneration, and ensures successful brain function.
78. Inactivity is the biggest risk factor for many diseases that affect the brain and other important organs.
79. Exercise can delay and soften the effects of Alzheimer's disease, improving quality of life.
80. Since physical activity is closely related to survival, it teaches the body to 'survive' for longer than those who lead sedentary lives.
81. Brain plasticity increases with exercise. Plasticity refers to the brains ability to change and reorganize itself as it needs to.
82. There is an inverse relationship between exercise and depression in the elderly. On average, one in five elderly people are depressed.
83. Studies show a strong link between physical exertion and the reduced onset of dementia.
84. It reduces the effects of dementia for people who already have it.
85. Half an hour of exercise a day greatly decreased the number of hospitalizations of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
86. It also significantly improved the mood of patients with Alzheimer's disease.
87. Exercise has shown a protective effect against Parkinson's disease.
88. It also reduced the symptoms of Parkinson's in patients who already had the disease.


Social Benefits

www.livestrong.com has an interesting article about how regular physical activity improves your social performance.
89. Exercise improves confidence, makes you feel better, improves self-esteem and reduces anxiety. These effects make you more able to approach others and start new friendships.
90. These effects also improve your ability to be honest and reach out to people when you need to. You will therefore be less limited by your own inhibitions when it comes to communicating with other people.
91. Exercising frequently at the gym at the same time increases the chances of you getting to know the people who gym at the same time and place. See how to makes friends at the gym.
92. Physical activity that involves team sports teach participants to work as part of a group and interact with other people.
93. You will be less prone to negative feelings that often prohibit you from interacting with others, even if the exercise you do is not as social as other forms.
94. It also gives you something to have in common with other people and opens you up to many communities and groups that do the same activity.


Superficial Benefits of Exercise

95. You will look more attractive since your body is healthier. 
96. Posture improves and the way you hold yourself will look better. This will make you look more like the kind of person people want to be associated with.
97. Body fat will drop.
98. Strength exercises will tone your body and add muscle to your frame.
99. Your skin will look more radiant and you will have less wrinkles, pimples and black heads.
100. Body language: since you will be happier and more confident, the subconscious signals you give out will resonate with people before you even speak.
101. You will be able to wear the clothes you want to wear and will be more concerned with finding clothes that show off your body instead of finding items that hide your body.
102. Better overall health will result in hair, skin and nails looking healthier with less care needed.
103. You will look younger than what you actually are as you age.
104. Improved blood flow leads to better complexion.
105. Eyes will be less puffy and won't look as tired. Instead, they will look brighter, wither and exude more energy.
106. Exercise improves sleep and therefore recovery and regeneration. 'Beauty sleep' will have a much bigger impact on actual beauty.
107. Exercise reduces the risk of gum disease, tooth decay and discoloration by strengthening the immune system. This may also be an indirect effect, since exercise often prompts better dietary and hygiene habits.

Did I miss out on any benefits? Let me know in the comments below. STAY STRONG!


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Tuesday, July 4, 2017

Studies Reveal That Exercise Keeps You Younger


We've all been saying it and can think of a thousand reasons why. Studies have confirmed it. You can find numerous lists online about how strength training improves brain function, why it is so healthy to sweat, and how exercise increases productivity. Now there is real science and numerical evidence that exercise can add a few more years onto your clock.

Europe PMC showcases a study used to examine the extent to which exercise could delay dependency and improve overall wellness. This study took matters online and searched the web to compare personal profiles and other studies to determine the difference between people who exercised and people who didn’t. It also took into account whether exercise could work in a dose-response case (like measuring a single dose of medicine instead of its long-term use).
The results were not too surprising. Those who had been exercising for longer periods of time had the best benefit. Subjects who partook in physical activity experience a cumulative effect. The more people exercised, the greater the correlation with delayed disability and independence was. Physical function was also better within subjects who exercised regularly. Although people who exercised  at once-off intervals often reported feeling better after the activities, no evidence could confirm that singular exercise sessions improved physical or mental states.


Science Direct has an interesting study that was done on mice. It showed that exercise increased brain function by stimulating more amounts of neurons generated in the brain. The study noted that doing exercise more regularly decreased the rate at which each exercise session increased brain cells, but that regular exercise decreased the decline in brain cells as a result of age. The brain created the most cells during the 3rd day of exercise, and did not create more drain cells after the 32 days of exercise. The effects then became protective. In initial stages, exercise increased brain function. At later stages, it protected the brain from degeneration.

A study by the American Psychological Association analysed 36 studies about the relationship between older people without clinical disorders and exercise. It found that regular, moderate aerobic exercise had the best correlation with improved wellness and vitality. Inconclusively, the study reports that longer periods of physical activity were less beneficial for a few health factors. It said that regular physical exercise showed the most benefit for self-independence, cardiovascular health, strength and physical function.


Oxford Academy lists numerous studies that come to the following conclusions on how exercise assists in preventing age-related degeneration:

  • Aging decreases aerobic capacity, but exercise increases it.
  • Aging increases heart rate and blood pressure as a response to physical activity, exercise decreases it.
  • Aging decreases tissue elasticity but exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases muscle strength, power and endurance. Exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases motor coordination but exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases neural reaction time but exercise can increase it.
  • Aging decreases enzyme capacity and mitochondrial density but exercise increases it.
  • Aging decrease walk speed, step length, cadence and stability where exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases maximal cardiac output but exercise can increase it.
  • Aging decreases endothelial reactivity but exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases maximal skeletal muscle blood flow but exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases capillary density but exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases vascular insulin sensitivity but exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases total energy expenditure and exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases total body water but exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases total body potassium, nitrogen and calcium. Exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases protein synthesis rate, and amino acid uptake into skeletal muscle. It also decreases nitrogen retention and protein turnover. Exercise increases all of these.
  • Aging decreases gastrointestinal transit time but exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases glycogen storage capacity but exercise increases it.
  • Aging increases bad cholesterol and exercise can decrease it.
  • Aging increases hormonal and sympathetic nervous system response to stress, but exercise decreases it.
  • Aging decreases REM and slow wave sleep duration, but exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases temperature toleration (heat and cold) but exercise increases it.
  • Aging decreases attention span but exercise increases it.


So there you have it: regular exercise can keep you younger for longer, prevent a whole array of diseases, increase life quality and positive and improve mental and physical function. However: as you age it becomes more important to do so safely and moderately. STAY STRONG!

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Monday, July 3, 2017

The Benefits of Green Tea


Almost everyone says that green tea is healthy and has a whole host of benefits. We list the main benefits of drinking green tea regularly. Green tea and normal (black) tea is made from the same plant. Tea leaves that are steamed and dried soon after being picked become green tea. Tea leaves that are dried and crushed and then allowing for enzymes to convert the catechins of tea into more complex forms becomes normal, or black, tea.

1. Full of Antioxidants

Green tea is full of antioxidants. It has a lot of polyphenols like flavonoids and catechins. Another powerful antioxidant found in green tea is the Epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) antioxidant. Oxidants are produced as a by-product in the body from regular metabolism and other biological reactions. These oxidants damage cells and are linked to diseases like cancer, cardio-vascular disease, arthritis, eye dysfunctions, lung disorders and premature aging. Oxidants are also linked to significant increases in mental illnesses like Alzheimer's, dementia and Parkinson's disease. Antioxidants like catechins and the other micro nutrients prevent the damage that oxidants and other free radicals cause in your body. That is why antioxidants (like the ones you find in green tea) are important and can even slow the process of aging. They help fight against the diseases listed above by eliminating those damaging oxidants. There are more healthy catechins in green tea because the leaves are 'fresher' than that of normal tea.

2. Kills Bacteria

The same catechins in green tea (that are responsible for its strong anti-oxidant properties) kill off bad bacteria. Green tea is anti-bacterial, meaning that it can kill the bacteria that make us sick. For this reason, green tea is effective at preventing colds and flu. It is also great at speeding up recovery when you are already sick.

3. Oral Health

Drinking a cup or two of green tea might just save you a few trips to the dentist. Due to its anti-bacterial properties, it can kill some types of bacteria in your mouth that cause plaque, tooth decay and bad breath. 

4. Less Caffeine than Coffee

There is caffeine in green tea. It has a little less caffeine than normal tea on average, but significantly less than coffee. Caffeine increases alertness, energy levels and your ability to concentrate. 
It should be said, though, that drinking too much caffeine may induce dependence. Therefore, green tea is a better alternative to coffee if you want to still have caffeine, but at lower levels.

5. L-Theanine

The amino acid l-theanine increases the activity of GABA. GABA helps to decrease anxiety, improve mental and physical performance, improve mood, decrease pain, and lower blood pressure. See why GABA is so good for you. It also raises dopamine levels, which leads to mood elevation.

6. Increases Metabolism

Your body will be better at using fat for energy when you drink green tea regularly. If you think that it's just because of the caffeine content, notice why so many fat burning supplements contain green tea extracts, instead of isolated caffeine; or from coffee. Increased metabolism will result in burning fat and better physical performance. 

7. Aids in Diabetes and Cardio-vascular Disease Prevention 

Apart from the beneficial antioxidant effects which will already assist in disease prevention, green tea helps to increase insulin sensitivity and reduce blood sugar levels. Decreased insulin sensitivity and increased sugar levels often lead to diabetes. Green tea also lowers bad cholesterol levels, which in turn decrease cardio-vascular disease risk.  Studies have confirmed the link between regular green tea consumption and lower diabetes and cardio-vascular disease occurrence.

So there you have it: drinking green tea regularly might help you live longer and disease free. It will also help you look and feel better. Do not drink too many cups in a day because over-supplementation of caffeine can lead to dependence. Stick to 2-3 cups a day. STAY STRONG!

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Wednesday, June 28, 2017

The Dangers of Living a Sedentary Lifestyle



We often look at the benefits of exercise as if you are doing to your body good thing when you exercise' like you are earning bonus points for doing something out of the ordinary. I believe that regular exercise should be the norm, and that living a sedentary life should be something that very few people do. In light of this, I want to look at some of the dangers and health risks associated with lack of exercise and physical activity.

1. Lack of energy

My dad always said that it takes energy to make energy. Your body has the amazing ability to adapt to your environment and the actions that you take. It does this via many bio-chemical processes and one of these processes is the conservation of energy. When you don't spend energy on doing something, your body will not spend precious energy on maintaining these processes, since they are not needed. If your body was to maintain everything regardless of whether it was needed or not, we wouldn't have survived. Therefore, when you don't expend physical energy via exercise or activity, your body learns that this is not necessary and will get used to the idea of using less energy. This is why people who do not exercise have less energy and get tired quicker than people who regularly exercise. When you exercise, you are forcing your body to use energy. As a survival mechanism, your body will make more energy available to you, since it assumes that you need this energy in order to survive again in the future. When you have more energy (as a direct result of exercise), your body is more able to perform all functions that require energy, such as physical and mental performance.

2. Decreased blood flow

Your body depends on blood flow to deliver nutrients throughout the body and eliminate waste products form different tissues, organs and other body parts. Your body was created to be physically active and therefore it depends on exercise to ensure that blood flows effectively throughout your body systems. Lack of proper blood flow leads to your body not getting the right nutrients that it needs. It also prevents your body from operating in sync with itself. Hormones that are released in your system will not be as effective as they should be, because they cannot reach their intended destinations fast enough. Also, blood can pool in certain areas of the body without proper circulation. This blood can't be cleaned and ends up holding onto waste products that need to be eliminated and does not reach the places where it is supposed to pick up precious nutrients.

3. Mood complications

Your body uses a hormone called cortisol, which is a stress hormone, to communicate that the body is in danger and needs to gear up for action. This hormone sets off certain alarms in the body that tell it to limit some biological processes because it needs to be ready for the impending danger. Exercise relieves this hormone and lack of physical activity keeps the body in a 'stressed' state for longer than it should be. Build-up of cortisol can negatively affect your moods, along with other negative health implications.

Since your body does not face the physical challenge of activity, it will struggle to shut down and enter into its natural sleep cycle for recovery. These disturbed sleep patterns prevent your brain form entering the reconfiguration processes that it frequently needs and stops it from being able to 'absorb and digest' things that happen during your daily life. This can lead to depression, anxiety and other mood complications.

Exercise stimulates the release of the endorphin hormone which is gives you a happy 'high'. Since we were made to be physically active, we are supposed to experience the feel-good effects associated with this happy hormone. Endorphin deprivation has been strongly linked to depression, tendency towards addictive behaviors and negative decision making.

4. Weight loss

Regular exercise ensures that your body maintains its fat-burning abilities. When your body is permanently in fat storage mode and does not enter into fat usage mode, your fat stores become more than what your body can handle. This was not accounted for in our natural make-up, since we were made to be physically active. When we are storing more than what we can handle, we run into diseases associated with obesity like heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, certain cancers, osteoarthritis, gout, breathing problems including sleep apnea and asthma, and bladder disease. 


5. Every organ is affected

Every organ is affected. Why? Our bodies are lazy, just like us. We were made to be lazy in order to conserve energy when we don't need to use it and only get physically active when we need to. This was nature's is of making sure that we conserve energy for the times that we really need it. We might have beaten nature by not ever needing to be physically active, but it bites us back because the lack of exercise we were designed to perform goes against our core design. Let's take a look at our liver, for example. It will conserve energy by not operating at full capacity. Exercise forces your liver to work at a more intense rate to recover and prepare your body for the next possible challenge. The same is true for your bladder, lungs, heart and kidneys.

6. Toxin build-up

Your body uses exercise to detoxify itself. When you exercise, organs are activated and blood flow increases. This promotes the release of waste products, toxins and other things that your body needs to get rid of. These are then released through your sweat, urination and bowel movements. Did you know that exercise makes your bowel movements more regular!?

I hope this gives you a better idea about the importance of being physically active. STAY STRONG!

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Amount of Calories Burned Per Exercise, Activity or Sport


I've been asked many times how many calories are burned when doing certain exercises. I've decided to put together this list that shows what calories you can expect to burn by doing certain exercises and activities. Please note that a person's weight also determines how many calories are being burned per exercise, so lists are split into 3 groups: people who are 160 pounds (73 kilograms) or less, people who are closer to 200 pounds (91 kilograms) and people who are over 240 pounds (109 kilograms) or more. Calories burned are an estimate per hour of the specified activity.

Please note that these are estimates and personal results may vary


Estimated calories burned per hour for people who weigh 160 pounds (73 kilograms) or less:

  • Rope jumping/ Skipping:                       861 calories per hour
  • Running (8 mph speed):                         861 calories per hour
  • Tae Kwon Do:                                        752 calories per hour
  • Swimming (high intensity):                   715 calories per hour
  • Stair treadmill:                                       657 calories per hour       
  • Running (5 mph speed):                        606 calories per hour
  • Basketball game:                                   584 calories per hour
  • Football (touch or flag):                        584 calories per hour
  • Tennis (singles):                                    584 calories per hour
  • Rollerblading:                                        548 calories per hour
  • Aerobics (high intensity):                      533 calories per hour
  • Backpacking:                                         511 calories per hour
  • Ice skating:                                            511 calories per hour
  • Racquetball:                                          511 calories per hour
  • Skiing (cross-country):                         496 calories per hour
  • Hiking:                                                  438 calories per hour
  • Rowing (stationary):                             438 calories per hour
  • Skiing (water):                                      438 calories per hour
  • Swimming (light/moderate intensity):  423 calories per hour
  • Aerobics (water):                                  402 calories per hour
  • Aerobics (low intensity):                      365 calories per hour
  • Elliptical trainer (moderate intensity): 365 calories per hour
  • Resistance (weight) training:                365 calories per hour
  • Softball or baseball:                              365 calories per hour
  • Golfing (carrying clubs):                      314 calories per hour
  • Skiing (downhill):                                 314 calories per hour
  • Walking (3.5 mph speed):                     314 calories per hour
  • Bicycling (10 mph speed for leisure):   292 calories per hour
  • Volleyball:                                             292 calories per hour
  • Yoga (power):                                        292 calories per hour
  • Canoeing:                                              256 calories per hour
  • Bowling:                                                219 calories per hour
  • Dancing (ballroom):                              219 calories per hour
  • Tai Chi:                                                  219 calories per hour
  • Walking (2 mph speed):                        204 calories per hour
  • Yoga (hatha):                                         183 calories per hour

Estimated calories burned per hour for people who are closer to 200 pounds (91 kilograms):

  • Jumping rope/ skipping:                       1,074 calories per hour
  • Running (8 mph speed):                       1,074 calories per hour
  • Tae Kwon Do:                                      937 calories per hour
  • Swimming (high intensity):                 892 calories per hour
  • Stair treadmill:                                     819 calories per hour
  • Running (5 mph speed):                       755 calories per hour
  • Basketball game:                                  728 calories per hour
  • Football (touch or flag):                       728 calories per hour
  • Tennis (singles):                                   728 calories per hour
  • Rollerblading:                                       683 calories per hour
  • Aerobics (high intensity):                     664 calories per hour
  • Backpacking:                                        637 calories per hour
  • Ice skating:                                            637 calories per hour
  • Racquetball:                                          637 calories per hour
  • Skiing (cross-country):                         619 calories per hour
  • Hiking:                                                  546 calories per hour
  • Rowing (stationary):                             546 calories per hour
  • Skiing (water):                                      546 calories per hour
  • Swimming laps (light/moderate intensity): 528 calories per hour
  • Aerobics (water):                                  501 calories per hour
  • Aerobics (low intensity):                      455 calories per hour
  • Elliptical trainer (moderate intensity):  455 calories per hour
  • Resistance (weight) training:                455 calories per hour
  • Softball or baseball:                              455 calories per hour
  • Golfing (carrying clubs):                      391 calories per hour
  • Skiing (downhill):                                391 calories per hour
  • Walking (3.5 mph speed):                    391 calories per hour
  • Bicycling (10 mph speed, for leisure): 364 calories per hour
  • Volleyball:                                            364 calories per hour
  • Yoga (power):                                      364 calories per hour
  • Canoeing:                                             319 calories per hour
  • Bowling:                                               273 calories per hour
  • Dancing (ballroom):                             273 calories per hour
  • Tai Chi:                                                 273 calories per hour
  • Walking (2 mph speed):                       255 calories per hour
  • Yoga (hatha):                                        228 calories per hour

Estimated calories burned per hour for people who are over to 240 pounds (109 kilograms) or more:

  • Rope jumping/skipping:                           1,286 calories per hour
  • Running (8 mph speed):                           1,286 calories per hour
  • Tae Kwon Do:                                          1,123 calories per hour
  • Swimming (High Intensity):                    1,068 calories per hour
  • Stair treadmill:                                         981 calories per hour
  • Running (5 mph speed):                          905 calories per hour
  • Basketball game:                                     872 calories per hour
  • Football (touch or flag):                          872 calories per hour
  • Tennis (singles):                                      872 calories per hour
  • Rollerblading:                                         818 calories per hour
  • Aerobics (high intensity):                       796 calories per hour
  • Backpacking:                                          763 calories per hour
  • Ice skating:                                              763 calories per hour
  • Racquetball:                                            763 calories per hour
  • Skiing (cross-country):                           741 calories per hour
  • Hiking:                                                    654 calories per hour
  • Rowing (stationary):                               654 calories per hour
  • Skiing (water):                                        654 calories per hour
  • Swimming (light/moderate intensity):    632 calories per hour
  • Aerobics (water):                                    600 calories per hour
  • Aerobics (low intensity):                        545 calories per hour
  • Elliptical trainer (moderate intensity):    545 calories per hour
  • Resistance (weight) training:                  545 calories per hour
  • Softball or baseball:                                545 calories per hour
  • Golfing (carrying clubs):                        469 calories per hour
  • Skiing (downhill):                                  469 calories per hour
  • Walking (3.5 mph speed):                      469 calories per hour
  • Bicycling (10 mph speed for leisure):    436 calories per hour
  • Volleyball:                                              436 calories per hour
  • Yoga (power):                                        436 calories per hour
  • Canoeing:                                               382 calories per hour
  • Bowling:                                                327 calories per hour
  • Dancing (ballroom):                              327 calories per hour
  • Tai Chi:                                                  327 calories per hour
  • Walking (2 mph speed):                        305 calories per hour
  • Yoga (hatha):                                         273 calories per hour


I hope that list serves as a valuable guide to help you choose the right activity that can meet your body transformation goals. STAY STRONG!

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5 Hormones Directly Involved with Strength Training


Many bio-mechanical and chemical changes occur in the body as a result of exercise. We are going to look at some of the hormones involved as a result of weight training.

1. Testosterone

Testosterone is released as a result of weight training; and regular weight training will increase the long-term production of testosterone levels. Don't worry ladies: weight training won't turn you into a man. In fact you already have testosterone running through your veins right now! The increased testosterone release will increase your strength, energy and focus levels and also your ability to burn fat. The higher the intensity and the more muscles involved with the specific exercise, the greater the testosterone-boosting effect will be. For example, squats and deadlifts will release more testosterone than bicep curls or calf raises.

2. Human growth hormone

Growth hormone (for short) is another hormone released during exercise that has a great host of benefits. This hormone helps to regulate sleep, increase the rate at which your body can recover (from exercise and illness) and even helps to burn fat. Just like testosterone above, more growth hormone is released with compound weight exercises (exercises that involve more than one muscle group). 

3. Increases insulin sensitivity

Your body stores energy in your muscles in the form of glycogen. When you do weight training, you use up the glycogen stores in your muscles. These glycogen stores are converted to sugars for the energy needed for muscles to constrict and release. After exercise, your body starts to replenish these glycogen stores by taking glycogen out of your bloodstream and re-storing them in your muscles. This action increases your insulin sensitivity and is one of the reasons why exercise combats diseases like diabetes.

4. Cortisol

Cortisol is one of your stress hormones. When you are stressed at work, for example, your body releases cortisol as a response. This hormone is supposed to prepare your body for the physical work that it needs to do to get out of what your body perceives as a dangerous situation. Exercise (both aerobic and anaerobic) provides great stress relief because of the way it works with cortisol. By doing something physical, your body feels like the stressful situation has now been avoided and cortisol levels can decrease. If you don't exercise, these cortisol levels can accumulate and wreak havoc in your body because your body is constantly preparing for some type of physical action because of the cortisol release but never ends up doing the physical activity needed to release the cortisol. Also, highly intense or a prolonged duration of exercise can stimulate the release of cortisol. This is not a good thing if your main goal is muscle growth, because cortisol is catabolic. When your body is in a catabolic state, it will break down muscle for short-term energy as a survival mechanism. In order to stay in an anabolic state (the state your body needs to be in to build muscle), don't exercise for too long and get muscle-building nutrients into your body as soon as you can. This assures the body that the perceived danger is over and that it can start rebuilding in preparation for the next challenge. Most people recommend keeping workout times at a maximum of 90 minutes, but I simply increase rest times in between sets to curb cortisol release.

5. Endorphins

Endorphins are known as the happy hormones. They are released as a bodily response to pain. This is what makes eating chilies or getting tattoos addictive: the endorphins released as a response to the pain can be addictive. Your body releases these hormones to soften your pain and help you stay on top of things. In survival, this would be important in making sure that you still have the will to fight or live after being in a physically challenging situation. Endorphin release can be addictive and the mental 'high' you get after working out is what many people look forward to, including me. I love the feeling that I am on top of the world and that I have really succeeded in getting further in life when walking out of the gym. This is also why some people struggle to take enough rest days. I have sometimes experienced withdrawal, or 'sad' feelings, when I am a few into a vacation, because my brain is not getting its regular endorphin fix that it so patiently looks forward to. This is also a great motivation for people just getting into exercise. I always tell people that if you stick with exercise long enough, you will actually start enjoying it and looking forward to it. First you hate exercise, then it's not that bad, then it's just something you do every day, then it becomes something you look forward to and finally it becomes something you don't want to live without. The secret is sticking it out until you get to the last stages. Endorphin release from exercise makes it a great method of addiction recovery. Studies have shown that exercise increased success rates in people fighting addiction, because they are mentally forced to focus on something else and the endorphin release gives them a sense of relief and a small piece of the 'high' they have been craving.

Looking at the relationship with hormones and exercise just gives us more reasons why exercise is so great for you. STAY STRONG!

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